The work of Leo Tolstoy attracted the attention of Kalmyk writers from the first steps of the national literature development. The Kalmyk translators’ interest in Tolstoy’s stories contributed to the further development of Kalmyk children’s literature. Young readers were able to read them in their native Kalmyk language. The high poetry, compositional completeness and simplicity of the plot make each story by Leo Tolstoy instructive and loved by all children. The stories were translated not only by the classics of Kalmyk literature, but also by those who worked with children and taught them their native language. They are included in the circle of reading for children and have firmly occupied a place in school textbooks. Translations of Tolstoy’s works for children are widely used in pedagogical and educational practices. This article is devoted to the problem of the original meaning transformations in the translation of the story “The Bone” by Leo Tolstoy from Russian into Kalmyk. The problem is relevant in connection with the revival of the people’s spiritual culture and the intensification of ethno-cultural processes in the field of mutual enrichment of languages. The article provides a comparative analysis of the sentence structure in relation to the order of words in the original and the variant translated into the Kalmyk language. The article analyzes how the changes in the word order bring about the changes in the meaning of a sentence, as well as the grammatical aspects of the Kalmyk language.