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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">filkult</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Филология и культура. Philology and Culture</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Philology and Culture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2782-4756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26907/2782-4756-2025-80-2-142-147</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">filkult-983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ. ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES. LITERARY STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идеи демократии в публицистике Э.М. Форстера (на материале сборника политических эссе «Two Cheers for Democracy»)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The ideas of democracy in E. M. Forster’s journalism (based on “Two Cheers for Democracy”)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазутин</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazutin</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лазутин Руслан Сергеевич, соискатель кафедры зарубежной литературы,</p><p>603000, Нижний Новгород, Большая Покровская, 37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lazutin Ruslan Sergeevich, Ph.D. student in the Department of Foreign Literature,</p><p>37 Bol'shaya Pokrovskaya Str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazutin-r@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный университет имени Н. И. Лобачевского</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>142</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лазутин Р.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лазутин Р.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lazutin R.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://filkult.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/983">https://filkult.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/983</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются концептуальные основания демократии в понимании английского писателя Э. М. Форстера на материале сборника его публицистики «Two Cheers for Democracy». Особое внимание уделяется проблеме амбивалентности демократии: Форстер признает ее несовершенство, но считает наиболее приемлемой формой государственного устройства. Автор анализирует ключевые противоречия демократического строя, включая его подверженность давлению массового сознания, коммерциализации политических процессов и опасности тирании большинства. В центре исследования находится гуманистическая концепция индивидуализма, предложенная Форстером как противовес государственному контролю и унификации. Цель работы – выявить, как эволюционировали взгляды Форстера на демократию под влиянием исторических событий первой половины XX века и какие аспекты его критики остаются актуальными для современного политического дискурса. В ходе исследования проведен анализ ключевых эссе писателя, позволяющий сделать вывод о том, что его демократический скептицизм сочетался с убежденностью в необходимости защиты личности в условиях массового общества. Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать публицистику Форстера как важный источник для осмысления современных вызовов демократии, включая вопросы гражданских свобод, политической ответственности и моральных оснований власти.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the conceptual foundations of democracy in E. M. Forster’s journalism, primarily in the collection “Two Cheers for Democracy”. Special attention is paid to the problem of ambivalence of democracy: Forster recognizes its imperfection, but considers it to be the most acceptable form of the government system. The author analyzes the key contradictions of the democratic system, including its exposure to the pressure of mass consciousness, the commercialization of political processes, and the danger of majority tyranny. The research focuses on the humanistic concept of individualism, proposed by Forster as a counterweight to state control and unification. The aim of the work is to identify the evolution of Vorster’s views on democracy under the influence of historical events in the first half of the 20th century and the aspects of his criticism relevant to modern political discourse. In the course of our study, we analyzed the writer’s key essays, which allowed us to conclude that his democratic skepticism was combined with a conviction of the need to protect the individual in a mass society. The results obtained make it possible for us to consider Forster’s journalism to be an important source for understanding modern challenges to democracy, including the issues of civil liberties, political responsibility and the moral foundations of power.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>демократия</kwd><kwd>либерализм</kwd><kwd>Э. М. Форстер</kwd><kwd>тирания большинства</kwd><kwd>индивидуализм</kwd><kwd>свобода</kwd><kwd>гражданские права</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>democracy</kwd><kwd>liberalism</kwd><kwd>E. M. Forster</kwd><kwd>tyranny of the majority</kwd><kwd>individualism</kwd><kwd>freedom</kwd><kwd>civil rights</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Middleton S. The Crisis of Democracy in Interwar Britain // The Historical Journal. 2023. № 66 (1). Р. 186–209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Middleton, S. 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