The “uncrowned” professor (on the 140^th anniversary of M. D. Bushmakin)

   The article deals with the life and scientific-pedagogical activities of the Kazan historian Mikhail Bushmakin. Based on archival and published sources, it examines the main periods of his biography: his teaching at the Kazan Commercial College, at the Eastern Pedagogical Institute (later – the Kazan Pedagogical Institute), at the “rabfac” and then, at the Department of General History of Kazan University. Special attention is paid to his methodological research connected with the Pedagogical Association at the Imperial Kazan University, and later – with the Pedagogical Association at the Oriental Pedagogical Institute. M. Bushmakin’s methodological publications summarize teaching experience and discuss timely methodological issues. During the formation of the Soviet higher school, he took an active part in the development of new curricula and authored a number of teaching aids. In terms of research, his interests were connected with the history of France in the 17^th–18^th centuries and, above all, with the historiography of the Great French Revolution. However, the heated discussion, caused by the publication of his article in the journal “Annales historiques de la Revolution française”, made M. Bushmakin change the subject of his research. His following works and his Ph.D. thesis “The Foreign Policy of Henry IV”, presented in 1942, were connected with the Middle Ages in the history of France.

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5. Bushmakin, M. D. (1912). K voprosu o tipe uchebnika po drevnei istorii dlia mladshikh klassov srednei shkoly [On the Type of Textbook on Ancient History for Junior Classes of Secondary Schools]. Trudy i protokoly Pedagogicheskogo obshchestva. Kazan, Tipo-lit. Imp. un-ta. Vol. II. No. 1, pp. 34–39. (In Russian)

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7. Bushmakin, M. D. (1913). Samodeyatelnost uchashchikhsya pri prepodavanii istorii [Students’ Initiative in Teaching History]. Trudy i protokoly Pedagogicheskogo obshchestva. Kazan, Tipo-lit. Imp. un-ta. Vol. II. No. 3, pp. 28–40. (In Russian)

8. Bushmakin, M. D. (1915). Sredniaya shkola i ee programma (Po povodu st. prof. A. I. Yarotskogo “Kakova dolzhna byt sredniaya shkola?”) [Secondary School and Its Curriculum (On Prof. A. I. Yarotsky’s Article “What Should the Secondary School Be Like?”)]. Trudy i protokoly Pedagogicheskogo obshchestva. Kazan, tipo-lit. Imp. un-ta. Vol. III. No. 1, pp. 66–79. (In Russian)

9. Bushmakin, M. D. (1916). Uchenicheskie vystavki po istorii v 5-i Moskovskoi gimnazii [Student Exhibitions in History at Moscow Gymnasium No. 5]. Istoricheskie shkolnye vystavki. K voprosu o samodeyatelnosti v srednei shkole : Sb. statei. Pp. 1–10. Kazan, izd. Golubeva. (In Russian)

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11. Nigmatullin, R. Sh. (2009). K istorii stanovleniya kafedry vseobshchei istorii TGGPU (1918–1945) [On the History of the Formation of the General History Department of TGGPU (1918–1945)]. Soobshchestvo istorikov vysshei shkoly Rossii: nauchnaya praktika i obrazovatelnaya missiya. Materialy Vserossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii. Pp. 157–160. Moscow, IVI RAN. URL: https://roii.ru/conf/2009/03.pdf (accessed: 17. 11. 2021). (In Russian)

12. Bushmakin, M. D. (1926). Programma po obshchestvovedeniiu pervogo kontsentra shkol II-i stupeni TSSR (5, 6, 7-i gody obucheniia) [The Social Science Curriculum of the First Concentre of the Second Stage Schools in the TSSR (the 5^th, 6^th and 7^th years of study)]. 25 p. 1-ia Gostip. Krasnyi pechatnik. (In Russian)

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14. Bushmakin, M. D. (1927). Noveishaia istoriia Zapada. Ch. I. Ot promyshlennogo perevorota do poloviny XIX v. [Recent History of the West. Part I. From the Industrial Revolution to the Middle of the 19^th Century]. 126 p. Kazan. (In Russian)

15. Bushmakin, M. D. (1930). Danton i Robesper vo frantsuzskoi istoricheskoi literature poslednikh let [Danton and Robespierre in the French Historical Literature of Recent Years]. Nauchno-pedagogicheskii sbornik, No. 5, pp. 67–83. (In Russian)

16. Bushmakin, M. D. (1930). Le neuf Thermidor dans la nouvelle litterature historique [The Ninth Thermidor in the Latest Historical Literature]. Annales historiques de la Revolution française, No. 5, Vol. 41, pp. 401–410. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41923988 (accessed: 22. 02. 2022). (In French)

17. Bushmakin, M. D. (1928). Novaya rabota po istorii sotsialnykh dvizhenii v epokhu terrora. (Po povodu knigi Al. Mathiez – La vie chère et le mouvement social sous la terreur, Paris, Payot, 1927) [A New Work on the History of Social Movements in the Era of Terror. (On Al. Mathiez’s Book– La vie chere et le mouvement social sous la terreur, Paris, Payot, 1927)]. Nauchno-pedagogicheskii sbornik, No. 4, pp. 200–210. (In Russian)

18. Pogosyan, V. A. (2017). O sovetskom istorike M. D. Bushmakine [About the Soviet Historian M. D. Bushmakin]. Francuzskii ezhegodnik, Vol. 2017, pp. 370–384. (In Russian)

19. Bushmakin, M. D. (1941). Gertsog Siulli i ego memuary [Duke Sully and His Memoirs]. Uchenye zapiski KGPI. Ist. fak-t, Vol. 4, pp. 106–120. (In Russian)

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21. Uchitel uchitelei : sbornik vospominanii, dokumentov i materialov pamiati Nikolaia Petrovicha Munkova (2016) [Teacher of Teachers : A Collection of Memoirs, Documents and Materials in Memory of Nikolai Petrovich Munkov]. Sostavitel i avtor predisloviya G. M. Mustafina; pod. red. G. M. Mustafinoi, R. Sh. Nigmatullina, O. V. Sinitsyna. 140 p. Kazan, OOO PK “Astor i Ya”. (In Russian)