Allomorphic and isomorphic features of lexical borrowings in the economic sphere in Russian, Arabic and English

The scientific linguistic understanding of adequate communication is important for implementing business projects on different aspects of economic partnership and collaboration. The article studies comparative lexical borrowings in differently structured languages: Russian, Arabic and English. Using economic vocabulary, we examine allomorphic and isomorphic features in unrelated languages based on the comparative method. The purpose of this research is to identify similar and different features in the process of lexical borrowing in the data systems of three languages. Among the main isomorphic features, the article presents the following ones: a large number of early borrowings in the economic sphere in the form of the product naming, a significant number of early borrowings in the economic sphere from Greek, Latin, French and Italian, the presence of mutual borrowings related to the group of product categories, trade relations, the presence of the international vocabulary, etc. Allomorphic features are identified in the peculiarities of assimilation of a foreign word in receptor languages, in the presence or absence of intra-linguistic borrowings, in the various adaptation differences of borrowings at phonetic, semantic, morphological levels, etc. The article focuses on the understanding of adequate ways of communication in the implementation of business economic projects, which take into account both the regulations of business companies in European countries and the requirements of partners in the eastern regions, representatives of Arab countries. Our practically oriented results can be implemented in the educational methodological literature for the professionals in economics, philologists, Russianists, Arabists, Anglicists, translators, etc.

1. Anglo-russkii ekonomicheskii slovar' terminov onlain [English-Russian Dictionary of Economic Terms Online]. URL: https://eng-rus-economy-dict.slovaronline.com/ (accessed: 20.11.2022). (In English)

2. Jaber Abi Jaber. (2012). Sovremennyi bol'shoi russko-arabskii slovar' [Large Contemporary RussianArabic Dictionary]. 1344 p. Moscow, Biblos Konsulting. (In Russian)

3. Kovalev, V. V. (2009). Economic Dictionary: Economic Terms and Economic Slang. 3000 words. 283 p. Rostov-on-Don, Phoenix. (In Russian)

4. Portal slovarei i entsiklopedii [Portal of Dictionaries and Encyclopedias]. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/business/1099 (accessed: 20.11.2016). (In Russian)

5. Bekhman, S. H. et al. (2007). Finansovoekonomicheskii russko-arabskii slovar' [Financial and Economic Russian-Arabic Dictionary]. 514 p. Cairo, AlQāhira. (In Russian)

6. Aleferenko, N. F. (2014). Sovremennye problemy nauki o yazyke: Uchebnoe posobie [Modern Problems of the Science of Language: A Textbook]. 4-oe izd. 417 p. Moscow, Flinta. (In Russian)

7. Gilyeva, E. S. (2012). Formirovanie sovremennogo angliiskogo yazyka. Istochniki zaimstvovanii [Formation of the Modern English Language. Sources of Borrowings]. Sovremennye problemy lingvistiki i metodiki obucheniya inostrannym yazykam: Po materialam Mezhvuzovskoi nauchno-metodicheskoi konferentsii 10-11 maya 2012g. 128 p. Pp. 15–18. Moscow, RITM. (In Russian)

8. Gilyeva, E. S. (2013). Ponyatie zaimstvovaniya v otechestvennom, evropeiskom, arabskom yazykoznanii. [The Concept of Borrowing in Russian, European, Arabic Linguistics]. Prepodavatel’. XXI vek. Vyp. No. 4, pp. 350–356. (In Russian).

9. Gilyeva, E. S. (2013). Leksicheskie zaimstvovaniya v sisteme arabskogo literaturnogo yazyka [Lexical Borrowings in the System of Arabic Literary Language]. Aktual'nye problemy lingvistiki i lingvokul'turologii. Vyp. 9. 249 p. Pp. 29–33. Moscow, Prometheus. (In Russian)

10. Reformatsky, A. A. (1996). Vvedenie v yazykoznanie [Introduction to Linguistics]. 536 p. Мoscow, Aspect Press. (In Russian)