Composition, subject and names of Mikhail Lomonosov’s philological sciences
https://doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2024-77-3-68-76
Abstract
The composition, structure and subject of philological sciences were different in different epochs, so were their names. This is important to know in order to properly understand the state of the scientific theory in the period under study. The system of modern philological sciences, which is based on the division into sciences of language and sciences of fiction, was formed at the beginning of the 19th century. It differs significantly from the system of “sciences of language arts [slovesnost]” created by Mikhail Lomonosov in the second half of the 18th century. It represented a slightly modified late antique trivium of grammar, dialectics (logic) and rhetoric, which, together with the quadrivium of mathematical sciences, was part of the classical cycle of “seven liberal arts”. This cycle presupposes a certain sequence, a method of teaching sciences (arts) relevant in Lomonosov’s epoch: “sciences of language arts [slovesnost]” (trivium) were the first stage forming the speech and thinking skills of a linguistic personality. The article analyses the content, subject and names of each “science of language arts [slovesnost]” in the second half of the 18th century, starting with Mikhail Lomonosov, and traces the development and modifications of Lomonosov’s trivium and the names of sciences in his followers’ works, from N. Kurganov to I. Davydov, up to the 1840s.
About the Author
L. Makarova
V. Popov Academy of Choral Art
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Makarova Liubov Yevgenyevna, Assistant Professor
2 Festivalnaya Str., Moscow, 125565, Russian Federation
References
1. Averintsev, S. S. (2004–2017). Filologiya [Philology]. Bol'shaya rossiiskaya entsiklopediya. URL: https://old.bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/4713046 (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
2. Lomonosov, M. V. (1952). Rossiiskaya grammatika [Russian Grammar]. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Akademiya nauk SSSR. T. 7: Trudy po filologii 1739–1758, pp. 389–578. Moscow, Leningrad, izd-vo AN SSSR. URL: https://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/texts/lo0/lo7/lo7-3892.htm (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
3. Lomonosov, M. V. (1952). Kratkoe rukovodstvo k krasnorechiyu. Kniga pervaya, v kotoroi soderzhitsya ritorika, pokazuyushchaya obshchie pravila oboego krasnorechiya, to est' oratorii i poezii, sochinennaya v pol'zu lyubyashchikh slovesnye nauki [A Brief Guide to Eloquence. The First Book, Rhetoric]. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Akademiya nauk SSSR. T. 7: Trudy po filologii 1739–1758, pp. 89–378. Moscow, Leningrad, izd-vo AN SSSR. URL: https://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/texts/lo0/lo7/lo7-0892.htm (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
4. Annushkin, V. I. (2011). Zadachi osvoeniya i izucheniya “Kratkogo rukovodstva k krasnorechiyu” [Tasks of Familiarization and Studying the “Brief Guide to Eloquence”]. Literaturovedcheskii zhurnal No. 29. Materialy XII Mezhdunarodnykh nauchnykh chtenii pamyati N. F. Fedorova. RAN. Otd-nie ist.-filol. nauk. Sektsiya yazyka i lit., INION, pp. 236–249. Moscow, INION. (In Russian)
5. Serov, B. N. (2000). Bratskie shkoly [Orthodox Fraternity Schools]. Pravoslavnaya entsiklopediya. T. 6, pp. 194–198. Moscow, Tserkovno-nauchn. Tsentr “Pravoslavnaya entsiklopediya”. URL: https://www.pravenc.ru/text/153351.html (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
6. Andreev, A. Yu. (2009). Rossiiskie universitety XVIII, pervoi poloviny XIX veka v kontekste universitetskoi istorii Evropy [Russian Universities of the 18th, the First Half of the 19th Centuries in the Context of the European University History]. 640 p. Moscow, Znak. (In Russian)
7. Ado, I. (2002). Svobodnye iskusstva i filosofiya v antichnoi mysli [Liberal Arts and Philosophy in Ancient Thought]. 475 p. Moscow, Greko-lat. kabinet. (In Russian)
8. Lomonosov, M. V. (1952). O nyneshnem sostoyanii slovesnykh nauk v Rossii [On the Current State of Verbal Sciences in Russia]. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Akademiya nauk SSSR. T. 7: Trudy po filologii 1739–1758, pp. 579–583. Moscow, Leningrad, izd-vo AN SSSR. URL: https://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/texts/lo0/lo7/Lo7-5792.HTM (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
9. Lomonosov, M. V. (1952). Kratkoe rukovodstvo k ritorike na pol'zu lyubitelei sladkorechiya [A Brief Guide to Rhetoric]. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Akademiya nauk SSSR. T. 7: Trudy po filologii 1739–1758, pp. 19–79. Moscow, Leningrad, izd-vo AN SSSR. URL: https://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/texts/lo0/lo7/lo7-0192.htm (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
10. Rizhskii, I. S. (1790). Umoslovie, ili Umstvennaya filosofiya, napisannaya v S. Peterburgskom gornom uchilishhe v pol'zu obuchajushhegosya v nem yunoshestva Ivanom Rizhskim [Logic, or Mental Philosophy]. 244 p. Saint-Petersburg, v tipografii Gornogo uchilishcha. (In Russian)
11. Born, I. M. (1808). Kratkoe rukovodstvo k rossiiskoi slovesnosti [A Brief Guide to the Russian Literature (‘Slovesnost’)]. 162 p. Saint-Petersburg, v tipografii F. Drekhslera. URL: https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01002986877?page=179&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
12. Yakob, L. G. (1812). Kurs filosofii dlya gimnazii Rossiiskoi imperii, sochinennyi doktorom Ludvigom Geinrikhom Yakobom, kollezhskim sovetnikom i kavalerom, izdannyi ot Glavnogo pravleniya uchilishh. Ch. 2. Nachertanie vseobshhei grammatiki [Philosophy Course for Gymnasiums of the Russian Empire. Part 2: Description of the Universal Grammar]. 104 p. SaintPetersburg, pechatano pri Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk. (In Russian)
13. Koshansky, N. F. (1822). Nachal'nye pravila russkoi grammatiki: Dlya blagorodnykh vospitannikov Universitetskogo pansiona [Elementary Rules of Russian Grammar]. 6-e izd. 93 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. (In Russian)
14. Davydov, I. I. (1823). Uchebnaya kniga russkogo yazyka: Soderzhashchaya etimologiyu, orfografiyu, sintaksis, prosodiyu i kratkie pravila ritoriki: Dlya blagorodnykh vospitannikov Universitetskogo pansiona [The Textbook of the Russian Language]. 2-e izd. 158 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. (In Russian)
15. Arno, A., Lanslo, K. (1990). Grammatika obshchaya i ratsional'naya Por-Royalya [General and Rational Grammar of the Port-Royal]. Per. s frants., komment. i poslesl. N. Yu. Bokadorovoi. 272 p. Moscow, Progress. (In Russian)
16. Makovel'skii, A. O. (2004). Istoriya logiki [The History of Logic]. 478 p. Moscow, Zhukovskii, Kuchkovo pole (Kaluga, GUP Oblizdat). (In Russian)
17. Barulina, L. G. (1952). Voprosy teorii poznaniya i logiki v trudakh M. V. Lomonosova: dis. …kand. filos. nauk [Questions of the Theory of Knowledge and Logic in the Works of M. V. Lomonosov: Ph.D. Thesis]. Moscow, 244 p. (In Russian)
18. Bazhanov, V. A. (2007). Istoriya logiki v Rossii i SSSR: (kontseptual'nyi kontekst universitetskoi filosofii) [The History of Logic in Russia and the USSR: (The Conceptual Context of University Philosophy)]. 335 p. Moscow, KANON+. (In Russian)
19. Slovar' russkogo yazyka XVIII v. (1984) [Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 18th Century]. Vyp. 17. Onyi–Otkrutit'. 253 p. Leningrad, Nauka. URL: https://feb-web.ru/feb/sl18/slov-abc/15/ slh06507.htm (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
20. Kurganov, N. G. (1769). Rossiiskaya universal'naya grammatika, ili Vseobshhee pismoslovie: Predlagayushhee legchaishii sposob osnovatel'nogo ucheniya russkomu yazyku: S sem'yu prisovokupleniyami raznyh uchebnyh i poleznozabavnkyh veshhij [Russian Universal Grammar, or Universal Writing: Offering the Easiest Way to Thoroughly Teach the Russian Language]. 424 p. Izdano v grade svyatogo Petra (Tip. Morsk. kad. korpusa). URL: https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000202_000006_2568023?page=1&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
21. Amvrosii (Serebrennikov), arkh. (1778). Kratkoe rukovodstvo k oratorii rossijskoi: Sochinennoe v Lavrskoi seminarii v pol'zu yunoshestva, krasnorechiyu obuchayushhagosya [A Brief Guide to the Russian Oratory]. 168 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. URL: https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_000009_003339469?page=1&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
22. Kratkii i vseobshchii chertezh nauk i svobodnykh khudozhestv: Rossiiskoe sochinenie (1792) [A Brief and General Drawing of Sciences and Liberal Arts: A Russian Essay]. 93 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii u V. Okorokova. URL: https://viewer.rsрl.ru/ru/rsl01003341158?page=5&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
23. Davydov, I. I. (1832). Sistema rossiiskoi slovesnosti [The System of Russian Literature (‘Slovesnost’)]. 41 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. (In Russian)
24. Rizhskii, I. S. (1805). Opyt ritoriki, sochinennyi i prepodavaemyi v S.-Peterburgskom Gornom Uchilishche [Experience in Rhetoric, Composed and Taught at the St. Petersburg Mining School]. 2-e izd. Khar'kov. (In Russian)
25. Nekhachin, I. V. (1796–1797). Novoe kratkoe ponyatie o vsekh naukakh, ili detskaya nastol'naya uchebnaya kniga. V 4-kh otd. [A New Brief Concept of All Sciences, or a Children’s Desktop Educational Book]. Otd. 1. 228 p. Moscow, tipografiya A. Reshetnikova. URL: https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000207_000017_RU_RGDB_BIBL_0000360529?page=210&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
26. Nikol'skii, A. S. (1817). Kratkaya logika i ritorika: Dlya uchashchikhsya v rossiiskikh dukhovnykh uchilishchakh [Brief Logic and Rhetoric: For Students of Russian Theological Schools]. 4-e izd. 76 p. Moscow, v tipografii N. S. Vsevolozhskogo. (In Russian)
27. Nikol'skii, A. S. (1823). Osnovaniya rossiiskoi slovesnosti [The Foundations of Russian Literature]. 5-e izd. Ch. 1: Grammatika. 87 p. Ch. 2: Ritorika. 121 p. St. Petersburg, v tipografii Ivana Glazunova. (In Russian)
28. Merzlyakov, A. F. (1828). Kratkaya ritorika, ili Pravila, otnosyashchiesya ko vsem rodam sochinenii prozaicheskkih, izd. dlya Blagorodnykh vospitannikov Moskovskogo Universitetskogo Pansiona [Brief Rhetoric, or Rules Relating to All Kinds of Works in Prose]. 4-e izd. 113 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. (In Russian)
29. Merzlyakov, A. F. (1822). Kratkoe nachertanie teorii izyashhnoi slovesnosti: V dvukh chastyakh [Brief Outlines of The Theory of Fine Literature: In Two Parts]. Ch.1: [Piitika]. 328 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. (In Russian)
30. Grech, N. I. (1830). Uchebnaya kniga russkoi slovesnosti ili Izbrannye mesta iz russkikh sochinenii i perevodov v stikhakh i proze, s prisovokupleniem kratkikh pravil ritoriki i piitiki i istorii russkoi literatury, 4 t. [Russian Literature Textbook or Selected Passages from Russian Writings and Translations in Verse and Prose, Vol. 4]. 2-oye izd. Ch. 3. Poyeziya: Kratkie pravila piitiki. 327 p. St. Petersburg, tip. Imp. Vospitat. doma. (In Russian)
31. Gasparov, M. L. (1997). Srednevekovye latinskie poetiki v sisteme srednevekovoi grammatiki i ritoriki [Medieval Latin Poetics in the System of Medieval Grammar and Rhetoric]. Izbrannye Trudy, tom I, pp. 590–657. O poetakh. (In Russian)
32. Apollos (Baibakov, A. D.), arkhim. (1774). Pravila piiticheskie: V pol'zu yunoshestva, obuchayushhegosya v Moskovskoi slaveno-grekolatinskoi akademii, v Zaikonospasskom monastyre [Piitical Rules: To Benefit the Youth Studying at the Moscow Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, at the Zaikonospassky Monastery]. 40 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. URL: https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003340655?page=1&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
33. Rizhskii, I. (1811). Nauka stikhotvorstva, sochinennaya Imperatorskoi rossiiskoi akademii chlenom, kollezhskim sovetnikom i kavalerom Ivanom Rizhskim, i onoyu Akademiei izdannaya [The Science of Poetry]. 352 p. Saint-Petersburg, tipografiya V. Plavilshchikova. (In Russian)
34. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar', pod red. prof. I. E. Andreevskogo. (1890–1907). T. 24a: Polyarnyya siyaniya – Praya [Encyclopedic Dictionary, edited by Prof. I. E. Andreevskiy]. Pp. 476–958. St. Petersburg: F. A. Brockhaus, I. A. Efron. URL: https://viewer.rsl.ru/ru/rsl01003924212?page=3&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
35. Davydov, I. I. (1821). Nachal'nye osnovaniya logiki: Dlya blagorodnykh vospitannikov Universitetskogo pansiona [The Initial Foundations of Logic]. 149 p. Moscow, v Universitetskoi tipografii. URL: https://viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000207_000017_RU_RGDB_BIBL_0000360458?page=5&rotate=0&theme=white (accessed 17.05.24). (In Russian)
36. Yakob, L. G. (1813). Umozrenie slovesnkyh iskusstv, dlya gimnazii Rossiiskoi imperii, sochinennoe Lyudvigom Geinrikhom Yakobom, kollezhskim sovetnikom i kavalerom [Speculation of Verbal Arts, for Gymnasiums of the Russian Empire]. 103 p. St. Petersburg, pechatano pri Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk. (In Russian)
37. Annushkin, V. I. (2003). Russkaya ritorika: istoricheskii aspekt. Ucheb. posobie [Russian Rhetoric: A Historical Aspect]. 397 p. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola. (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Makarova L. Composition, subject and names of Mikhail Lomonosov’s philological sciences. Philology and Culture. 2024;(3):68-76. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2024-77-3-68-76
Views:
77
Email this article 