Reception of F. M. Dostoevsky in modern Tatar culture

   This work studies the reception of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s heritage in Tatar culture. The article systematizes the material on the following topics: “Dostoevsky and Kazan” and “Dostoevsky and Tatar Literature”. Our study is based on the works of the Tatar writer A. M. Gilyazov, the performances of the Menzelinsk State Tatar Drama Theater named after S. Amutbayev “Uncle's Dream” (directed by R. Ayupov, 2016) and “Crime and Punishment” (directed by I. Kazakbayev, 2021). We used the comparative and hermeneutic methods in our research. Ayaz Gilyazov got acquainted with the work of the Russian writer during his studies at Kazan University. The epistolary legacy of A. M. Gilyazov, his diaries and literary works testify to the steady interest of the Tatar writer in the work of F. M. Dostoevsky. There are several ways of artistic reception: writing-reading, intertextuality and stylistic reception. In 2016, the Menzelinsk State Tatar Drama Theater named after S. Amutbayev staged the play “Uncle’s Dream” (“Abzyynin toshe”) (directed by Rinat Ayupov). It is for the first time that the Tatar Theater has put on the work of the great Russian writer. M. Knebel and P. Markov’s dramatization was translated into Tatar by A. Gafurov. R. Ayupov made adjustments to the plot of the dramatization. The ideological and artistic potential of the story was transmitted without change. This is a play about the frailty of human life and its genre is tragicomedy. In his production, R. Ayupov brilliantly realized the traditions of the carnival culture, puppet theater and vaudeville. The play uses such comic techniques as many overtaking events and tense dialogues; a dramatic effect is achieved through the compactness of action in time and space. In his performance, R. Ayupov preserves the principle of pairing of the suitors’ debunking and of the key characters, he also develops the motif of sleep. In 2021, I. Kazakbayev staged the play “Crime and Punishment” in the same theater. The scenography is based on a parallel with modernity (the theme of the “little man” in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”). The director reflects on the potential of the “little man”, on the harsh reality that can destroy a person’s soul. In the play, the theory of R. Raskolnikov is measured by a “child’s tear”. Adjustments have been made to the character system: the Superman, the Pioneer-Boy, the Pioneer-Girl and the Ghost have been added. In I. Kazakbayev’s dramatization, the game element dominates. The theme of the card game is focused on deepening the tragic meanings of the eternal life game, into which the characters are involved. The game behavior of the characters is based on the antithesis of behavior and idea. In the performance, the “extraordinary man” game acts as a projection of the future.

1. Krasovskii, Iu. A. (1970). Kazanskii korrespondent F. M. Dostoevskogo (Neopublikovannoe pis'mo k N. F. Yushkovu) [F. M. Dostoevsky’s Correspondent from Kazan (An Unpublished Letter to N. F. Yushkov)]. Vstrechi s proshlym. Vyp. 1, pp. 47 – 50. Moscow, Sovetskaya Rossiya. (In Russian)

2. Bushkanets, E. G. (1981). Dostoevski v Kazani [Dostoevsky in Kazan]. Vecherniaya Kazan', No. 237. (In Russian)

3. Kuznetsova, E. G. (2015). F. M. Dostoevski i Kazan' (pisatel' i kul'tura russkoi provintsii vtoroi poloviny XIX — nachala XX vv.) [Dostoevsky and Kazan (the writer and culture of the Russian province of the second half of the 19^th-early 20^th centuries]. 120 p. Kazan', Otechestvo. (In Russian)

4. Dostoevski, F. M. (1974). Җinaiat һem җeza [Crime and Punishment]. R. Dautov tardzemasi. 689 p. Kazan, Tatar kitap neshriiati. (In Tatar)

5. Knebel', M. O. (1972). Dyadiushkin son [Uncle’s Dream]. Text: P'esa v 3 aktah. Instsenirovka M. Knebel', P. Markova; otv. red. M. Svetlakova. 89 p. Moscow, VUOAP. (In Russian)

6. Dostoevskii F. M. Җinaiat һem җeza [Crime and Punishment] URL: https://rus.minzalateatr.ru/inayat-m-za/ (accessed: 25. 10. 2021). (In Tatar)

7. Nigmatullina, Iu. G. (1997). Tipy kul'tur i tsivilizatsii v istoricheskom razvitii tatarskoi i russkoi literatur [Types of Cultures and Civilizations in the Historical Development of Tatar and Russian Literature]. 190 p. Kazan', Fen. (In Russian)

8. Nigmatullina, Iu. G. (2008). Sinergeticheskii aspekt v issledovanii khudozhestvennogo tvorchestva [The Synergetic Aspect in the Study of Artistic Woks]. 93 p. Kazan', Fen. (In Russian)

9. Amineva, V. R. (2010). Tipy dialogicheskih otnoshenii mezhdu natsional'nymi literaturami [Types of Dialogical Relations between National Literatures]. 476 p. Kazan, izd-vo Kazanskogo gos. un-ta. (In Russian)

10. Saiapova, A. M. (1991). “Tri rechi v pamyat' Dostoevskogo” V. Solov'eva v svete ego nravstvennoi filosofii [“Three Speeches in Memory of Dostoevsky” by V. Solovyov in the Light of His Moral Philosophy]. Tezisy dokladov nauchnoi konf. studentov i prepod. vuzov TSSR. Kazan’, Kazanskii aviats. in-t. (In Russian)

11. Sayapova, A. M. (1995). F. M. Dostoevsky i ego posledovateli o russkoi idee [Dostoevsky and His Followers on the Russian Idea]. XXI zonal'naia nauchnaia konf.literaturovedcheskih kafedr un-ov i ped in-ov Povolzh'ia (13 – 15 maia 1994 g.). Tver', TGU, pp. 29–30. (In Russian)

12. Sayapova, A. M. (2001). Istoriya russkoi literatury poslednei treti XIX veka [The History of Russian Literature of the Late 19^th Century]. Materialy dlia prakticheskih zaniatii dlia studentov fakul'teta russkoi filologii. 18 p. Kazan', KGPU. (In Russian)

13. Khabutdinova, M. M. (2015). Novatorstvo H. Taktasha v “Tragedii Synov Zemli” [Hadi Taktash and His Innovations in “The Tragedy of the Sons of the Earth”]. Philology and Culture. No. 2 (40), pp. 270 – 274. (In Russian)

14. Shagiahmetov, Z. (2005). Motiv zhertvennosti: Dostoevski i A. Giliazov [The Motif of Sacrifice: Dostoevsky and A. Gilyazov]. Itogovaia nauchno-obrazovatel'naia konferentsiia studentov KGU za 2005 g. Kazan', pp. 73-74. (In Russian)

15. Khabutdinova, M. M. (2011). Rol' F. M. Dostoevskogo v formirovanii mirovozzreniia A. M. Giliazova [The Role of F. M. Dostoevsky in the Formation of A. M. Gilyazov’s Worldview]. Vestnik TGGPU, No. 4 (26), pp. 258 – 265. (In Russian)

16. Khabutdinova, M. M. (2012). Topos Kazani v tvorchestve A. M. Giliazova [Topos of Kazan in the Works of A. M. Gilyazov]. Philology and Culture, No. 4 (45), pp. 136 – 141. (In Russian)

17. Ilialova, I., Khabutdinova, M. M. (2016). Svoeobrazie scenicheskoi interpretatsii povesti F. M. Dostoevskogo na tatarskoi stsene [The Features of the Stage Adaptation of the Story “Uncle’s Dream” by F. M. Dostoevsky on the Tatar Stage]. Philology and Culture, No. 4 (45), pp.179 – 183. (In Russian)

18. Giliazov, A. (1997). Iagez, ber doga! Romanhatirə [Let’s Pray! A Novel-Memory]. 448 p. Kazan, Tatar kitap neshriiati. (In Russian)

19. Dostoevski, F. M. (1972). Bratia Karamazovy [The Brothers Karamazov] 536 p. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaia literatura. (In Russian)

20. Dostoevski, F. M. (1979). Povesti i rasskazy [Novels and Short Stories]. 494 p. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaia literetura. (In Russian)

21. Dostoevski, F. M. (1981). Unizhennye i oskorblennye [Humiliated and Insulted]. 352 p. Moscow, Moskovskii rabochii. (In Russian)

22. Dostoevski, F. M. (1982). Diadiushkin son. “Selo Stepanchikovo i ego obitateli” i dr. [Uncle's Dream. The Village of Stepanchikovo, etc]. 443 p. Leningrad, Lenizdat. (In Russian)

23. Dostoevski, F. M. (1981). Bednye liudi. Netochka Nezvanova [Poor Folk. Netochka Nezvanova]. 384 p. Moscow, Pravda. (In Russian)

24. Dostoevski, F. M. (1979). Podrostok [The Adolescent]. 477 p. Moscow, Sovetskii Pisatel'. (In Russian)

25. Dostoevski, F. M. (1981). Idiot [The Idiot]. 592 p. Moscow, Sovetskaia Rossiia. (In Russian)

26. Dostoevskaia, A. G. (1981). Vospominaniia [Memoirs]. 578 p. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaia literatura. (In Russian)

27. Dostoevski v vospominaniiah sovremennikov (1964) [Dostoevsky in the Memoirs of His Contemporaries]. V 2 t. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaia literatura. (In Russian)

28. F. M. Dostoevski, A. G. Dostoevskaia. Perepiska (1979) [F. M. Dostoevsky, A. G. Dostoevskaya. Correspondence]. 481 p. Moscow, Nauka. (In Russian)

29. Tunimanov, V. A. (1980). Tvorchestvo Dostoevskogo, 1854 – 1862 [Dostoevsky’s Works, 1854 – 1862]. 296 p. Leningrad, Nauka. (In Russian)

30. Kuleshov, V. I. (1979). Zhizn' i tvorchestvo F. M. Dostoevskogo. Ocherk [The Life and Work of F. M. Dostoevsky. An Essay]. 206 p. Moscow, Detskaia literatura. (In Russian)

31. Seleznev, Iu. I. (1980). V mire Dostoevskogo [In the World of Dostoevsky]. 376 p. Moscow, Sovremennik. (In Russian)

32. Kariakin, Iu. F. (1981). “Ja videl istinu…” [“I Saw the Truth”]. Ogonek, No. 46, pp. 14–15. (In Russian)

33. Dostoevski, F. M. (2021). Җinaiat һem җeza [Crime and Punishment] (I. Kazakbaev’s instsenirovkasi, A. Ahmetgalieva tardzemasi). 12 p. M. Khabutdinova arhivy. Kuliazma. (In Tatar)

34. Kislitsin, I. Obraz Supermena i ego evoliutsiia v komiksah [The Image of Superman and His Evolution in Comics]. URL: https://kanobu.ru/articles/istoriya-supermena-i-evolyutsiya-ego-obraza-373644/ (accessed: 25. 10. 2021). (In Russian)

35. Poimtseva, O. O. Retseptsiya F. M. Dostoevskogo v sovremennoi russkoi dramaturgii [Reception of F. M. Dostoevsky in Modern Russian Drama]. URL: https://elib.bsu.by/handle/123456789/175475?ysclid=lnaalbuupi736219348 (accessed: 12. 09. 2021). (In Russian)