Ways to determine the endemicy of Tomsk realionyms

   The article discusses ways to determine the endemicy of realionyms. Endemicy is understood as the limitation of the use of lexical units within the framework of a certain communicative environment. Realionyms are words and expressions that are common within a certain area. They also include proper names belonging to outstanding historical personalities, public and political figures, scientists, etc., who played a special role in the formation and development of this area. In onomastics, it is customary to distinguish categories (subclasses) of realionyms: phytonyms, ergonyms, urbanonyms, etc. Realionyms occupy an intermediate position between proper and common names and can be designated nomina realia. In the practice of identifying and describing realionyms, a bunch of environmental and onomasiological approaches is used, which allows, on the one hand, to outline the boundaries of the endemic vocabulary set and, on the other hand, to single out a number of designations for the realities of the surveyed area. The implementation of the environmental approach has a number of limitations: firstly, the popularity of endemic words outside the communicative environment; secondly, the objectivity of their identification, which depends on the researchers’ belonging to autochthons and their understanding of the endemicy of certain designated phenomena; thirdly, the archaization of the endemic register. The endemicy of realionyms should be understood as a gradual value, ranging from absolute to situational. The realionyms’ frequency of use index reveals not their endemicy, but the statistics of their popularity. There are two ways to determine endemicy: collocative and prototypical. The collocative method involves identifying the maximum number of contexts in which the endemic unit is used with a real hyperonym (Tomsk), and the prototypical implies the involvement of endemism in local semantic categories, in the center of which really significant prototypes should be located. When fixing endemicy, a system of labels can be used to mark the relevance of realionyms to the center or periphery of the lexical-semantic field of the endemic thesaurus.

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